Ko te whakamutunga, me te hoki i te wāhi tino nui ko e tetahi o nga national tikanga, China te whakamārama o mua, e titau hoki i te hanganga ture ki tetahi tohu o te decentralization."Te ture system"i roto i tenei kuputuhi kei te whānui i te wā mō te mahi me ngā mātāpono hei whai māu i roto i te tukanga o te ture, me te ture hanga. Te ao hou i te ture te pūnaha te nuinga o ngā o: te ture hanganga i te matua, ki te okana o te ture te ture tika, te ture mahi te whakahaere o te ture, me te ko te hononga i waenganui i te ture me ngā wāhi e hāngai anaTe momo o te hanganga ture i te iwi te whakakore i te mea e kore e hāngai ana i runga i tona iwi o te tuakiri kehua, engari i runga i tona whāinga āhuatanga. Hoki te ture katoa, ki ngā ture hanganga te tikanga o te ariā e tohu ana i te hītori me te motu te tikanga. I teie mahana, i reira he kore he tangata arikitanga, me te hanganga o te taua ahua tuku i te monarch ki te mau pūmau te mana i roto i te ture kua ngaro. Engari, he raupapa o te manapori, me te ture ngā pūnaha kua whakawhanakehia, kua. Heoi, no te mea o te taumata ā-motu i ngā āhuatanga, i reira e maha tonu ngā rerekētanga i roto i ia whenua o te hanganga ture, me etahi o a ratou kia strikingly i roto i te rerekē ki tetahi ki tetahi. China o nāianei o te ture hanganga kua ona ake āhuatanga Tuatahi, i roto i te China, i te mana o te ture i te mea e kore e puritia ana e te kotahi mana ki te okana ranei tetahi tangata ngā. Na te reira e kore e no ki te kāwai o te motuhia e te ture hanganga. Tuarua, China o te ture te mana kei te kawea i roto i te rua, neke atu rānei te mana whekau, e te tikanga ko te whenua e maha ture mana, tae atu i te taumata ā-motu, mō te whakahaere i ngā ture, me ngā ture ā-rohe, i ia kaupapa ki te rerekē okana mana. Tikanga hoki tenei e enei mana whekau e kore e mau i taua ture kaha, me te rite i taua i te reira e kore e no ki te pūhui i te ture hanganga rānei. Tuatoru, China o te ture hanganga e kore e he tetahi o te arowhai me te pauna, ki te wahi i te ture, te whakahaere, me te marae e tu takitahi ki te pehi tetahi ki tetahi.
China o te peresideni me te pirimia o te Kāwanatanga me te Kaunihera e rua mai i te Motu o te Iwi Congress.
Te peresideni, e whai ake nei i te whakatau o te Motu, o te Iwi Congress (COAST), publicizes ture. Ko te pirimia, heoi, e kore e whai i te tika ki te whakaaetia te whakakahore i ranei nga ture i hanga e te COAST. Whakahaere ture, me ngā ture e kore e haere ki a i te ture, i haere i te COAST rohe ture, me ngā ture, ka kore e te haere ki te national ture, me te whakahaere ture, me te COAST kua i te mana ki te unu i whakahaere ture, me ngā ture ā-rohe e haere ana ki te ture, kua mahi i te reira i roto i. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te ā-whanaunga o Haina i ngā hanganga ture - kotahi o te subordination, tuhinga, me te mātakitaki. Te reira e kore e tohu i te hononga o te tūru haumaru China o nāianei o te ture hanganga ona āhuatanga motuhake. Tetahi o a ratou, i te koki o te ture te mana-wehenga, ko tona centralization me te wehenga o te mana, ranei tetahi tohu o te decentralization te anga vai i te rave rahi rerekē ngā taumata, me te kei te huinga o te maha ngā kāwai. I raro i tenei pūnaha, te tihi-powered state okana ranei, tona tinana e tu ana te tataki kotahi ārahi i te Kāwanatanga ki te Kaunihera mau i te kaha nui, me te kāwanatanga ā-rohe i iti te mana. Centralization ki tetahi tohu o te decentralization tikanga, i runga i te ringa kotahi, i te tino nui te ture mana, i.e, national ture - e o te Ture, me te āhua ture no ki te pokapū te mana, e tango i te tūranga ārahi i roto i te katoa o te hanganga ture. National ture anake e taea te kawea i roto i te whakahaere o te hupirimi kāwanatanga te mana me tona tu ana okana ahakoa e kore ano o te rohe whakahaere e kore tetahi atu okana he taua mana. No whakahaere me te rohe ture ture ranei e whakaaetia ana ki te contravene te Ture me te āhua ture. Ahakoa i roto i etahi okotahi, etahi ture, me ngā ture motuhake o te rohe kia kore e tino i roto i te rārangi ki te kaupapa Ture, me te āhua ture, i hanga i enei ture me ngā ture, ki te rite ki te mahi o te rohe mana motuhake, ko te rohe i te ture whakahaere me te noho i te Ture, te Ture o te Whaiaro-kāwanatanga i roto i te Tokoiti, Motuhake, te Rohe, me te Ture o te Iwi o te Republic o Haina i runga i te Ture (te Ture i runga i te Ture), me te ripoata ki te Komiti o te COAST mo whakaaetanga ranei tuhi i te haapa'oraa. Tenei pūnaha i roto i te meka whakapūmau i te ārahitanga o te motu i te ture i roto i te tuhi ake o te motuhake, rohe ture, me ngā ture. I runga i te tahi atu i te ringa, te reira te tikanga e te whenua o te ture te mana whakahaere i te maha ngā wāhanga e rua o te pokapū, me te rohe whakahaere. Te reira e whakaata ana i te nuinga o te fatata i te ahunga whakamua, te huri ranei, o Haina, o nāianei o te ture i te pūnaha. Te huru o te taumata-maha te oraraa, me te maha-wāhanga, ngā te whakaatu atu i ona decentralization ki tetahi tohu. Taumata-maha te oraraa i te tikanga te te Motu o te Iwi Congress, me ona e Tu ana te Komiti ki te hanga ture kāwanatanga i te Kāwanatanga me te Kaunihera tona tari e hāngai ana te utu motuhake aua ture me te hāngai tūturu whekau o te mau rohe me te kāwanatanga te hanga i ngā ture ā-rohe. Nga mahi o te ture, me te tüturu o te ture, me ngā ture hanga e te whakahuatia i runga ake e toru ngā rōpū o te whakahaere o ngā taumata rerekē, engari te ture, me ngā ture o ngā taumata rerekē te tahi-te tīariari i roto i te China o te ture i te pūnaha. Maha-wāhanga, ngā tikanga i te whakahuatia i runga ake i te ture, me te ture, me te ture tuhinga e ratou te hanga i he rerekē i roto i te kāwai i te legislations, me te motuhake ture me ngā waeture mahi i roto i te i roto i te iwi motuhake, te rohe, me te e o te motuhake, rohe ōhanga me te Hong Kong, me te Macao Special Whakahaere Rohe. Ko te take he aha i reira i te wā"-maha kāwai"haunga e, o te"centralized leadership", me te"taumata-maha"ko e ko te whakamutunga terminations e kore e taea te whakaata i te oti ngā āhuatanga o Haina, o nāianei o te ture hanganga. Tenei he no te mea, i te tuatahi o nga mea katoa, rohe motuhake ture (ture motuhake, me te motuhake ture), me te ture o te Special Whakahaere Rohe o Hong Kong, me te Macao o ngā ture ā-rohe me ngā tuhinga i roto i te ariā, engari he rerekē i ētahi atu rohe ture, me te ture käwanatanga.
Te reira i kore ai e tika ki te hoatu ki a ratou i roto i te kāwai taua rite te ture.
Tuarua, i roto i ngā o te ture motuhēhē, whakahaere ture, me ngā ture e te tikanga i te whai hua o te motu, engari ture tuhinga whakatakoto i te motuhake, rohe, me te special whakahaere rohe e kore e mahi i roto i te tahi atu wahi o te whenua, i te tikanga whakahaere ture, me ngā ture e tetahi taumata teitei ake i te hunga i roto i te whakamutunga e rua ngā rōpū. Heoi, i te ture te tuhinga o te motuhake, rohe, me te special whakahaere rohe e kore e tika i roto i runga i whakahaere ture, e hiahiatia ana e ētahi atu rohe ture, me ngā ture. I roto i tenei faatura, te reira e kore te tika ki te mea e, e ratou ko o te raro i te taumata ina whakaritea ki nga whakahaere ture, me ngā ture. Ratou e kore e taea te whakaaro, e ōrite ana ki te whakahaere ture, me ngā ture, me te ki runga ake i roto i te taumata atu i te tahi rohe ture, me ngā ture rānei. E hāngai ana i runga i te katoa enei take, he mea tika ki te whakamahi i te wā"kāwai". China o nāianei hanganga ture kei te hohonu hutia i roto i te tikanga motuhake o te iwi. Tuatahi, China kei te whenua te wahi o te iwi e their own masters, na te ture kia whakaata ta ratou i pai ai.
Anake, no nga Motu o te Iwi Congress, te teitei, te mana whakahaere o te whenua, me ona Komiti whakahaere i te taha matau o te āhua ture, me te tango i te kotahi i te ārahitanga i roto i te whenua katoa o te ture, i roto i te hanga, me te huri o te kāwanatanga me te pāpori ture, e tohu i te iwi taketake o te pūnaha, me te hononga, ka taea e te āhua o te Hainamana ture te whakatau i te tono o te motu te tikanga.
Tuarua, China ko te whenua ki te nui rohe, me te nui o te taupori. He nui ngā āputa i waenganui i te ōhanga me te ahurea whanaketanga o ngā rohe me ngā iwi. E kore e taea ki te whakawhirinaki i runga i te āhua ture anake ki te whakaoti i te uaua i ngā raruraru o ngā wāhi. I raro i rave rahi mau huru, i reira ko te pakeke mō te āhua ki te hanga i te ture i roto i te maha ngā āhuatanga. Te reira e kore e mahi ki nga ture e hanga marama rawa, engari te reira e taea ki te mahi i roto i te kōrero katoa. Na, ki te whakatau i te mau titauraa o te motu i ngā āhuatanga, i roto i te tua ki te whakamahi i te āhua ture ano he kākahu mō te paerewa ki te whakaoti i te faufaa o te motu raruraru, i te mea e tika ana ki te whai i tetahi tohu o te decentralization i roto i te hanganga ture ki te kia hāngai ngā wāhanga hanga whakahaere ture, ngā ture ā-rohe me ngā tuhinga mō te motuhake, rohe, me te special whakahaere rohe. Tuatoru, i te hakari, China tiwihana i te mākete ōhanga hanganga, e tango i te state-owned ōhanga rite ona mea nui rawa, engari ano hoki e taea te tahi-te oraraa o te tahi atu ōhanga puka. Kōrero ki ngā mahi tōrangapū, mahi i te reira i te pūnaha o te manapori centralism. Tona ōhanga, me te tōrangapū, āhuatanga me te hunga motuhake te tikanga i roto i te matawhenua, ngā iwi me ngā rōpū matawaka, me te imbalanced te whanaketanga o ngā rohe rerekē, whakatau koe e i roto i te te ture i te pūnaha, me te piri ki te centralized kaiārahi i runga i te ringa kotahi, i te tahi atu i te ringa, i reira me hoatu e ki tonu i te te tākaro ki te manapori, me te kia ētahi atu rāngai e tango te wahi i roto i te ture, me te tika te hapai i te whanaungatanga i waenganui i te pokapū me te kāwanatanga ā-rohe. Tuawhā, i te kōrero ki te kōrero, me te wheako hou, i te Ture, i whāngai i roto i te tau, i puta ke i te āhuatanga i taua i te vai i roto i te tau wawe o te Iwi o te Republic o Haina i roto i te e nui ngā wāhi whakahaere, kawanatanga, pa, me te kaute katoa, i te tika, ki te hanga e hāngai ana ture, tikanga me ngā ture. Te reira i hoatu ki te mahi i te parau tumu o te centralization i roto i te ture. I taua wā, ko tenei tika ana mō te aueue i te kotahitanga o te whenua, me te whawhai ki runga-decentralization. Heoi, ko te i runga i centralization o ture te mana, ā, e kore ano i roto i te manakohia o ngā whanaketanga, e kore ano te kukū o te kāwanatanga mau tautooraa. I tua atu, te reira i te akiaki uiui whanonga Historical wheako whakakitea e te reira i tika ki te mahi he etahi tohu o te decentralization i roto i te ture. I taua wā, i roto i nga tau tata nei, ko te whanaketanga tere o te hapori, me te iwi o te oraraa, tautautefito ki te whakaari i te ahunga whakamua o te ōhanga mākete, maka mua he maha ngā tono mō te ture.
Te reira ko e taea hoki ki te āhua ture whekau ki te whakaoti i te akiaki, me te mahi a te mahi anake.
I runga i te mua o te maha o nga tau i, whakawhetai ki te mehua tangohia i roto i te ture whakahou me te whakatamarikitanga o nāianei ture hanganga, China, kua kitea he maha ngā take motuhake koutou, e whakatairanga ana i te whenua hou o te hanganga ōhanga me te ahunga whakamua i roto i te manapori, me ona ture i te pūnaha.
