A, no te whakaaro apitireihana i roto i te China, e tauturu te reira ki te mohio he aha ke te ture kia me te kia e kore te mahi i raro i PAPER ture, i Reira he te whānui, ahakoa e kore e loto, whakaaetanga ke i te ture, kia tohu te kiritaki i roto i te whakahaerenga i mua i te Haina Te ao Ōhanga me te Hokohoko Apitireihana Kōmihana (CIETAC) i roto i te tautohetohe e mahi i te kore e whai wāhi"Hainamana ture take."Tautohetohe whakatika no te mea e inoi he take i runga i te Hainamana rohe, ara i roto i te ke i te ture, e kia nui ki te mahi ture i roto i te China, i waho i te rohe raihanaMaumaui o te āki ngā ture taihara ranei te ture e te faatere i te whai wāhitanga o te ao i te ture i roto i te tautohe ture e taea te whakaatu i ngā ki te mau fifi i roto i te ora utu ture, me te i roto i te take o te malpractice rejections o te inihua kerēme, me te whakahaere, me te aukati ngaio. E ai ki te CIETAC o ia'ia tuhinga,"Rōpū kia te whakarite i te rōia ki te paruru i to ratou ngākau nuitanga i roto i te whakahaerenga o te take i mua i te Apitireihana i te Kōmihana. Taua rōia kia tangata o te Iwi o te Republic o Haina ranei te tangata ke."I raro i CIETAC o Arbitration Ture, te rōpū kia te ture i roto i tohua"ngā māngai,"e kia rānei Chinese ranei te tangata ke. I te maha ngā wāhanga o te whakahaerenga, i te rōpū e tika ana ki te ratonga o ratou tohua"ngā māngai,"e ai kōnae, tono, me te pa mo ratou, i haere tahi i a ratou i te waha whakawātanga, me te farii i te kōrero o to ratou whakatau, me te tuhinga. I mua i te tono he oti, te kōmihana whakatau mehemea CIETAC kua mana i mua i te whakatū i tētahi apitireihana tribunal ki te hapai i te mea. E ai ki te Tuhinga, te toru o te CIETAC Arbitration Ture, i te wā i runga i te CIETAC apitireihana rōpū whakamana ai e farii i te mana e ai ki toru ngā wāhanga: te kāinga te hunga tautohetohe e pā ana ki te Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, me te ao ke-e pā ana ngā tautohetohe. Tenei takitoru i puta ke ai te whakamārama he aha te tikanga o te kaitiakitanga te tohu o te rōpū' ngā māngai i roto i te apitireihana whakahaerenga rerekē i runga i ranei te tautohe ko te motu. I roto i te kāinga wā, ke ture i kore ai te wawao i runga i mo o ratou kiritaki, engari i roto i te non-motu tautohetohe ai ratou. E ai ki te Hupirimi te Iwi o te Marae, o te ao rānei ke e pā ana-tautohe e te hunga i roto i nei: i roto I te mutunga, arbitral rōpū whakamana whakatau mehemea ki te ite i te rōpū' ngā māngai i roto i te whakahaerenga. E ai ki te Tuhinga rua tekau ma iwa o nga Arbitration Ture, he CIETAC apitireihana te rōpū whakamana ai"te ārohi i te take i roto i tetahi ara e te reira i whakaarohia e tika ana ki te kore te kore whakaae e te rōpū."Te matua i whakaritea herenga i runga i te apitireihana rōpū whakamana i te mea e ti'a ia ratou ohipa"impartially, me te tika, me te utu whaitake ngā whai wāhitanga ki ngā rōpū katoa mō te whakaaturanga me te tautohetohe."Ki te ke rōia whakamōhio i te tautohe e hāngai ana i runga i PAPER te ture i roto i tona ranei tona waha i tuhituhia ranei pleadings, te arbitrators i roto i te CIETAC whakahaerenga e whakaaro ahakoa te ke rōia ko te mahi tahi ki te Hainamana mahi, me te ahakoa te tautohetohe e hāngai ana i runga i PAPER ture i tautokona e te whakaaro o te Hainamana ture kaimahi.
CIETAC o te ture e mārama i runga i te tūranga o te ao i te ture, engari e papû ore i te panga ētahi atu ture e te whakawhāiti i te hōkai o te ture ke' te mahi i roto i te China.
Ko te PAPER Ture, i runga i te Ture, i whāngai i roto i te, me te tino tata nei whakahoutia i roto i te, i tautuhi te te mahi o te ture ki te whakauru i"te whakaaetanga o te authorizations e ngā rōpū ki te whai wāhi i roto i te takawaenga, me te apitireihana mahi."I tēnei whakamāramatanga puta ki te aukati tangata katoa e kore tohu i roto i PAPER ture i te māngai kiritaki i roto i te arbitrations i roto i te China, ahakoa o nga mea i raro ranei i te pūtake o te rōpū. (Ki te taau i roto i PAPER ture, me te whai haere i te PAPER pae whakamātautau, me te whai i te tutaki atu whakaritenga, ka rite ki tautuhia i roto i te Tuhinga e rima o te Ture i runga i te Ture. Anake PAPER tangata kia tangohia te pae whakamātautau, heoi.) Tuhinga e rua tekau ma iwa o nga Arbitration Ture ki amerika e te"rōpū, me o ratou māngai ture, kia whakaritea te ture ranei ngā āpiha ki te hapai i take e pā ana ki te apitireihana whakahaerenga."Ahakoa tenei kai i taea e te tikanga ki te tikanga e te katoa i te ture, e kore e tika Chinese ture, kia tohu te kiritaki i roto i te katoa te tikanga i roto i te apitireihana whakahaerenga, pērā i te tikanga e pea rawa te whanui, rite te mea e tukua ke i te ture ki te tohu i te kiritaki i roto i te katoa arbitrations i roto i te China. I roto i te hononga ki te Haina o te World Trade Organization rironga fafauraa (te kite i ngā Ratonga Ture, ngā i roto i te China o te WTO Whakaaetanga), i te Āhua i te Kaunihera i roto i te tau whakaputaina i te Ture i runga i te Whakahaere o te ao i te Ture ngā Umanga' Māngai Tari i roto i te China (te Ke U Ture te Ture). Faaohipa i teie mau ture ki te whakatūnga o te tari i roto i China mā ke Umanga Ture, me te ki te whakaratonga o ngā ratonga ture i aua tari. E kore ratou e puta ana ki te tono ki te whakaratonga o ngā ratonga ture, ngā i roto i te China, i ture ke hoki nga turanga. Te Ture Ke te U Ture fakaongo atu o China WTO fafauraa, engari te tāpiri i taua ke i te ture i roto i te China ai te whakahaere i aua mahi anake, no te mea e kore ratou e karapoti"Hainamana ture take."Te whakatinana i te ture tenei mo te Ture Ke te U te Ture, i whakaputaina e te Tāhuhu o te Whakawa i runga i hōngongoi, te tau, āhua e mahi i roto i te Hainamana ture take kei te Mahi i roto i tetahi whakawakanga, i roto i te China rite ki te rōia te Hoatu i te whakaaro ture ranei certifications mō ngā take motuhake i roto i te kirimana, whakaaetanga, tuhinga o te rōpū, ētahi atu ranei i tuhituhia i te tuhinga i runga i te tono o PAPER ture o te Whakarato whakaaro ture ranei certifications mō te mahi i runga i te tono o te Hainamana ture Tukatuka, i runga i te mo o te kiritaki, tetahi rēhita te huri i, tono, pouaka, ranei ētahi atu tukanga ki PAPER kāwanatanga ki te mana ranei ki te tahi atu rōpū e e haamanahia e te ture ranei o te ture ki te kawe i ngā mahi whakahaere, me te Whakarato whakaaro i runga i te tono o PAPER te ture i roto i te kaha o te rōia i roto i te apitireihana whakahaerenga. I te reo i roto i te wāhi whakamutunga i runga ninety taumata anake te whakaratonga o"te ture whakaaro"i runga i PAPER te ture i roto i te apitireihana te puta i roto i te China. Implicitly, ke ture e āhei ana koe ki te tohe apitireihana take whai wāhi"Hainamana ture take"ka rite ki te roa rite ki te ata tohu Chinese rōia i whakaratohia te whakaaro i runga i tetahi PAPER ture pātai. (E ai ki te pūrongo unofficial, Beijing o te terenga-taumata pokapū o te Tāhū o te Ture i roto i whakawakia ke i te ture i raro i te tau ki te ture mō te māngai kiritaki i roto i te apitireihana whakahaerenga e āwangawanga PAPER ture.
I reira kua kore ngā pūrongo o te whakapanga o te aukati.) Taunakitanga paki fokotuu e PRC apitireihana rōpū whakamana te nuinga o te wā manako ke te ture' ngā māngai o ngā rōpū i roto i ngā tautohetohe e mahi i te kore e whai wāhi"Hainamana ture affairs,"e i roto i te te mahi te nuinga maha tikanga o te take e kore e faaterehia e te PAPER ture.
Homai CIETAC arbitrators' tikanga ohaoha huru ki te rōpū' tikanga herekore ki te whakaawe i te whakahaere o nga mahi, me te homai e CIETAC o te mahi e whakaata whānui huru, te matua disincentives ki te ture ke' te whai wāhi i roto i te CIETAC arbitrations he nui ake pea ki te whakatika i roto i to ratou whenua o te te takenga mai i roto i te horopaki o ngā tautohetohe i runga i te kohinga o te ture, te utu, te faaturaraa o te inihua kerēme, me te uruhi i te o te tohu. I taua wā, i te iti rawa hoki CIETAC apitireihana whakahaerenga, ke te ture te tikanga e tika ana ki te tohe i te wā e kore e e whai wāhi"Hainamana ture affairs,"ahakoa o ahakoa te ture, me o ratou umanga e whakapumautia i roto i te China. I roto i te ngā whiriwhiringa, e arahina ki te Haina o te World Trade Organization (WTO) tomokanga, i te uru o te ke ngaio ki te PAPER ture mākete i te kaupapa o te spirited kōrero. Te Kaunihera o te Tutaki, me te Ture Hapori o te Pākehā Union i huaina ki runga ki te Haina ki te tukua ke Ture Umanga ki te tohutohu i runga i te whenua te kāinga, tetahi toru o te whenua, me te ture o te ao rite te pai kia rite ki te tukua Chinese ture mahi mo ke Ture Umanga ki te tohutohu i runga i PAPER ture. TATOU negotiators hoki te ngana ki te whiwhi i te tika mo ratou i te ngaio ki te tohutohu i runga i PAPER ture.
Te whakarato i te kiritaki ki te whakaaro ki te faatura ki te ture o te whenua i te wahi e ratou tohu ki te mahi te ture, me te i runga i ngā tikanga o te ao, me te ao mahi Hapai i take ture i roto i te whenua te wahi i te ture o te u, e tohu mahi ture, ka tukua ki te rave i te reira na roto i te kiritaki ranei Chinese Ture ngā Umanga Tuku atu Chinese Ture Umanga ki te mahi ki Hainamana ture take i runga i mo o te ao i te kiritaki Tomo ki te kirimana ki te mau tonu i te wā roa-entrustment whanaunga ki Hainamana ngā Umanga Ture mō te ture te take me te Whakarato i ngā mōhiohio i runga i te pānga o te China ture taiao.
Te Ture i runga i te Whakahaere o te ao i te Ture ngā Umanga' Māngai Tari i roto i te China (te Ke U Ture Ture), i whakaputaina i te tau, i roto i te kaiwhakarei e kore e tuhituhia ki roto ki te WTO rironga whakaaetanga: Mana mahi kia whakahaeretia anake, no te mea e kore ratou e karapoti"Hainamana ture take."Ahakoa te whakarerenga o te"Hainamana ture take"ke i Ture ngā Umanga' te whānuitanga o ngā mahi, he ōrite ki te Haina o te WTO fafauraa kei te tautohetia. I roto i te tahi atu i te WTO-he mema whenua, Hainamana ture kia uru ki te mahi ki te ratou taau i raro i te ture rohe. No te mea anake PAPER tangata kia tangohia te pae whakamātautau, heoi, ko te tangata ke e kore e taea e te uru i te PAPER mākete mō ngā ratonga ture, ngā, me te Hainamana Ture Umanga me te kaimahi i te pai rawa atu te tiaki i te tahi atu i te WTO-he mema whenua' ngā Umanga Ture, me te ngā. Ano, i te whānui whānuitanga o ngā mahi i homai ki ke Ture ngā Umanga' māngai tari i roto i te China whakaritea ki te e hoatu ki a ke ki Umanga Ture e whakahere ratou ratonga i roto i te China, kahore he māngai tari ko maiorooro ki te WTO te mau parau tumu e te whakakorehia i te whakahāweatanga ki a ke enterprises. Kanohi rights fana'o i te ture piri ki te tari māngai o te ao i te Ture Umanga me hoki kia whakaaro ki te puta ke ki te Umanga Ture, kahore i tae atu i roto i te China.
Ahakoa i taea e tetahi tautohe e Chinese legislators kua tapiritia"Hainamana ture take"ki te Ture Ke te U te Ture i te parau e ngaro i te WTO rironga whakaaetanga i te ture te mea ki te haapa'oi ki te ngā whakaaetia e o China WTO hoa.
I roto i te ngaro o te mārama rāhui o te whai wāhi mō te tangata iwi ke ki te tango i te motu pae whakamātautau, te mau taata te hunga whiwhi i te reo, me te pūkenga hangarau e pea te ra kotahi e taea ki te whiwhi i te rawa whakaaetanga ki te tango i te Hainamana pae whakamātautau, te uru atu Chinese ngā Umanga Ture, me te mahi"Hainamana ture take."kaituhi, a Raniera, Arthur Lapresi ko avocat i roto i te France, barrister, me te rōia i roto i te Canada, me te rārangi i runga i CIETAC o te rōpū o te ao arbitrators. Ko ano hoki e ia co-editor, me te tahi-kaituhi o te Ture Pakihi i roto i te China, Edition Tuarua, Ao Chamber o Tauhokohoko, Paris. kaituhi.
